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In 2004 a British company released Airider, a hovering vacuum cleaner that floats on a cushion of air, similar to a hovercraft. In 1997 Electrolux of Sweden demonstrated the Electrolux Trilobite, the first autonomous cordless robotic vacuum cleaner on the BBC-TV program Tomorrow's World, introducing it to the consumer market in 2001. In addition, miniaturized computer technology and improved batteries allowed the development of a new type of machine – the autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner. The last decades of the 20th century saw the more widespread use of technologies developed earlier, including filterless cyclonic dirt separation, central vacuum systems and rechargeable hand-held vacuums. Vacuums tend to be more common in Western countries because in most other parts of the world, wall-to-wall carpeting is uncommon and homes have tile or hardwood floors, which are easily swept, wiped or mopped manually without power assist. In the 1930s the Germany company Vorwerk started marketing vacuum cleaners of their own design which they sold through direct sales.įor many years after their introduction, vacuum cleaners remained a luxury item, but after the Second World War, they became common among the middle classes. The Swedish company Electrolux launched their Model V in 1921 with the innovation of being able to lie on the floor on two thin metal runners. The design weighed just 17.5 kg (39 lb) and could be operated by a single person. In Continental Europe, the Fisker and Nielsen company in Denmark was the first to sell vacuum cleaners in 1910. Subsequent innovations included the beater bar in 1919 ("It beats as it sweeps as it cleans"), disposal filter bags in the 1920s, and an upright vacuum cleaner in 1926. Their first vacuum was the 1908 Model O, which sold for $60. Unable to produce the design himself due to lack of funding, he sold the patent in 1908 to local leather goods manufacturer William Henry Hoover (1849–1932), who had Spangler's machine redesigned with a steel casing, casters, and attachments, founding the company that in 1922 was renamed the Hoover Company.
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Crucially, in addition to suction from an electric fan that blew the dirt and dust into a soap box and one of his wife's pillow cases, Spangler's design utilized a rotating brush to loosen debris.
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In 1907 department store janitor James Murray Spangler (1848–1915) of Canton, Ohio invented the first portable electric vacuum cleaner, obtaining a patent for the Electric Suction Sweeper on 2 June 1908.
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Later revisions came to be known as the Kirby Vacuum Cleaner. Kirby developed his first of many vacuums called the "Domestic Cyclone". steam engine powered system with pipes and hoses reaching into all parts of the building.Įarly electric vacuum cleaner by Electric Suction Sweeper Company, circa 1908 Booth's horse drawn combustion engine powered "Puffing Billy", maybe derived from Thurman's blown air design," relied upon just suction with air pumped through a cloth filter and was offered as part of his cleaning services. Booth also may have coined the word "vacuum cleaner". In 1901 powered vacuum cleaners using suction were invented independently by British engineer Hubert Cecil Booth and American inventor David T. Corrine Dufour of Savannah, Georgia received two patents in 18 for another blown air system that seems to have featured the first use of an electric motor. Thurman's system, powered by an internal combustion engine, traveled to the customers residence on a horse-drawn wagon as part of a door to door cleaning service. 634,042) for a "pneumatic carpet renovator" which blew dust into a receptacle. The end of the 19th century saw the introduction of powered cleaners, although early types used some variation of blowing air to clean instead of suction. Housemaid using "dedusting pump", circa 1906.
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The device is also sometimes called a sweeper although the same term also refers to a carpet sweeper, a similar invention. In New Zealand, particularly the Southland region, it is sometimes called a lux, likewise a genericized trademark and used as a verb.
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The name comes from the Hoover Company, one of the first and more influential companies in the development of the device. Although vacuum cleaner and the short form vacuum are neutral names, in some countries (UK, Ireland, USA) hoover is used instead as a genericized trademark, and as a verb.